Earthquake-induced landslides: 1980–1997     

C. E. Rodríguez  J. J. Bommer  R. J. Chandler 《Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering》1999,18(5):1203

A database of earthquake-induced landslides has been compiled which extends the work of Keefer (Keefer DK. Landslides caused by earthquakes. Bulletin of the Geological Society of America 1984;95:406–421) who covered the period 1811–1980 to 1997. A total of 36 earthquakes world-wide are included, the new database having about the same number of earthquakes as reported by Keefer. Correlations evolving from the new database are compared with those of Keefer. Generally the results are very similar, though the presence of extreme outliers in some of the correlations emphasises the need to be aware of special cases, particularly those involving quick clay landslides. Seismological features, including multiple earthquakes and simultaneous arrival of different phases of seismic waves, also influence the outliers. The correlations between earthquake magnitude and total landslide area, however, differ somewhat from Keefer's. For the intermediate magnitude range 5.3–7.0, a modified correlation is suggested. The scatter of the data from which the correlations are derived is greater than found by Keefer. This is ascribed to the different geographic locations of the earthquakes in the two data sets.  相似文献   

A Challenge of Water Purification in Dokai Bay, Japan     

Tetsuo Yanagi  Machiko Yamada  Manabu Suzuki 《Marine pollution bulletin》1999,38(12):10-1069

A history of water pollution and countermeasures for water purification in Dokai Bay, Japan are reviewed. Now, Dokai Bay suffers from the occurrences of red tides and oxygen-deficiency in summer. In order to prevent the occurrences of red tides and oxygen-deficiency, an ecological numerical model has been developed. The model experiments forecast that when the phosphorus or nitrogen load from land will be cut by 90% or 95%, respectively, red tides and oxygen-deficiency will not occur in Dokai Bay. If the industrial and sewage facilities are not sufficient to cut the nutrients load to the necessary degree, we have to consider other countermeasures such as cultivating bivalves and algae in order to decrease the nutrients concentration in the bay. International co-operation related to coastal zone management is also discussed.  相似文献   

Impact of environmental change on women in a peripheral coastal area, Nigeria     

B. Folasade Iyun 《GeoJournal》1999,48(3):223-229

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Geologic hazards along part of Al-sayl–Alkabeir Al-Jammum road in Saudi Arabia     

A. A. Amin 《Environmental Geology》1999,39(1):20-24

 The geological hazards along part of Al-Sayl Alkabeir Al-Jammum road, western Saudi Arabia, were studied by the use of the sterographic projection to define the types of possible failures and the magnitude of safety factor on each slope face. The studied area consists of granite and granodiorite rocks that were cut by acidic and basic dikes. There are four sets of structural discontinuities which, besides a few strike slip faults, constitute the planes of weakness that lead to a variety of possible mode failures. The stability analysis indicates that sections of the road are unstable as their cut slopes exceed the maximum safe slope angles which range between 65° and 73°. Received: 16 June 1998 · Accepted: 2 March 1999  相似文献   

蓝洞水库大坝病险综合物探勘查   总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7  

奚家鉴 《物探与化探》1999,23(5):356-362

针对蓝洞水库均质大坝出现散渗等病险,根据区内各介质物理性质及地球物理特征,合理选择了高密度电阻率、探地雷达、瞬态瑞雷波和自然电场4种物探方法进行综合勘查,查明病险的水源来向,为评估坝体的稳定性和加固处理设计提供依据.  相似文献   

火山灾害与监测   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6       下载免费PDF全文

刘嘉麒  郭正府 《第四纪研究》1999,19(5):414-422

世界各地几乎都有火山分布,平均每年约有50次喷发。火山喷发在给人类创造财富的同时也带来许多灾害。火山灾害取决于火山喷发的类型、性质、规模和所处的地点等因素。火山喷发动力作用引起冲击波、地震、海啸、滑坡、泥石流等灾害,火山喷出的气体、灰烬、碎屑流和熔岩流等也会造成很大灾害。由于火山造成的灾害严重又来得突然,因此必须采取有效的防范措施,认真监测以掌握火山活动的脉搏。火山监测工作主要有两方面,一是基础地质调查,二是火山活动指标的监视和测量。在中国,具有潜在危险的火山主要分布在长白山、五大连池、台湾、雷琼、腾冲以及西昆仑阿什库勒等地,其中潜在危险最大的是长白山火山。  相似文献   

中国东北地区新生代火山活动构造控制及火山灾害   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

刘祥 《世界地质》1999,18(2):23-29

东北地区的新生代火山、火山岩主要沿北东向、北北东向断裂带,其次沿北西向断裂等分布,这是由东北地区所处的区域大地构造环境所决定的。４２．４Ｍａ以后,太平洋板块运动方向由ＮＮＷ转为ＮＷＷ,这与我们研究的断裂带内,由断裂、节理求得的主压应力方位转化是吻合的。在伊通—依兰断裂带内,前第三纪主压应力σ１平均方位ＳＥ１２２°,第三纪以后,主压应力σ１方位转为９８°。因此,新生代特别是渐新世以后,在近东西向最大水平挤压应力作用下,使得东北地区已存在的北东向、北北东向断裂发生右旋扭动,在右旋扭动过程中将这些断裂拉开,逐渐演化为走滑拉伸裂陷盆地或裂谷盆地,同时为岩浆上升提供了通道。由于太平洋板块对欧亚大陆俯冲,东北地区４个活火山群（即长白山火山群、五大连池火山群、龙岗火山群和镜泊湖火山群）中的活火山都有再次爆发、造成灾害的危险  相似文献   

关于用生态工艺解决矿山环境污染问题的探讨     

靳国齐 《华北地质矿产杂志》1999,(2)

面对我们生存环境日趋恶化的现状,加快对矿山污染问题的解决已成当务之急。本文从提高对环境、生态系统的认识入手,提出用生态工艺解决矿山污染工作的办法。采矿、选矿使用生态工艺（闭路循环工艺）,使矿业活动的固体废弃物──围岩、废矿石、尾矿石建鱼鳞坑、梯田埂。实现“环境补偿”,从而提高了环境的自净能力,使矿业得以持续稳定地发展。  相似文献   

水稻干物质的数值模拟及类型区划   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

高永刚  王飞 《南京气象学院学报》1998,21(4):637-646

干物质积累是水稻经济产量的基础,利用分斯播种资料,运用作物生长模拟方法,根据水稻主要种植区域的光温资料,作出水稻干物质积累的理论计算。通过对干物质积累值的时空规律分析和区划,为分析生物学产量形成的生态条件提供数据。  相似文献   

我国水稻生育期的生态规律及其区划   总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9  

高永刚  张凌云 《南京气象学院学报》1998,21(2):181-188

在总结水稻生育期生态规律研究成果的基础上,提出了一个水稻发育速度的优化模式。该模式综合考虑了温度和日长对水稻发育速度的影响,经回代检验,预报效果良好。以模式为仿制,用全国主要稻区１６５站１９５１￣１９８０年的光温资料求算早、中、晚稻的生育期,并绘出生育期的日数的距平百分率空间分布图,据图分析我国水稻生育期的时空变化规律并解释其生态原因。  相似文献